Cambridge Young Learners (YLE): How to Choose Between Starters, Movers and Flyers

The Cambridge Young Learners exams (YLE) come in three levels (Starters, Movers and Flyers), corresponding to Pre-A1, A1 and A2 on the international CEFR scale. When you register, you register for one level, and “which one” is exactly where most parents get stuck the first time.

First, the part you can relax about: YLE has no pass or fail. Every child who sits the exam receives a Cambridge certificate, with results shown as shields. Choosing the wrong level leaves no bad record anywhere. But choosing well means your child comes home with confidence, and every month of preparation goes where it should. This guide covers what separates the three levels, how the shield results work, and how to judge which level to register for.

The three levels at a glance

All three levels share the same structure, with three papers: Listening, Reading & Writing, and Speaking, with Speaking done one-on-one, face to face with an examiner. The age column is only a reference: within one school class, children’s English can span two levels. The column that actually matters is the last one: what your child can do now.

The official word lists for all three levels are free, and Cambridge publishes them in one PDF. We explain how to read and learn each one: Starters word list, Movers word list and Flyers word list.

How results work: shields, not a passing line

Each paper carries a maximum of five shields, fifteen in total across the three. The certificate lists the shields for each paper, with the CEFR alignment on the back. There is no passing line, and no such thing as “didn’t pass.”

What shields are really for is answering “what next.” Cambridge’s results page puts it this way: four or five shields in each skill means a child is ready to start preparing for the next Cambridge English Qualification. You may have seen “10 or more in total” quoted elsewhere; that was Cambridge’s older guidance, from before the 2018 revision, and Cambridge itself called it a little vague because it did not provide concrete alignment, particularly at the level of individual papers. Looking at each skill is more useful for a parent anyway: two or three shields in one skill is not a failure. It tells you which skill to work on first, and bringing that one up before moving on makes the step steadier. Full guide to reading the shields.

Once you see it that way, half the level question answers itself. The goal is not “to pass,” because there is no passing. The goal is a certificate that is mostly fours and fives, earned at a level where your child stands steady.

How to choose: three questions

1. Which level’s tasks can your child do now?

Check against the last column of the table above, not against age. If you are unsure, there is a simple test: Cambridge publishes free official sample papers on its website. Give your child a few Listening and Reading questions at the level you are considering; ten minutes usually settles it. If your child sits between two levels, choose the lower one: the next level can be taken any time, but the first exam experience only happens once.

Also worth knowing: there is no required order. A child does not need to take Starters before registering for Movers. A child who started English later but is already doing well often begins at Movers or even Flyers, which is common and entirely reasonable.

2. What do you want your child to take away from their first exam?

For most parents, once they think it through, the answer is confidence. Scoring fours and fives at a steady level, a child remembers “I can do this.” Scraping through one level too high, a child remembers the stretch of the exam where nothing made sense. For a seven- or eight-year-old, the first is worth far more.

This, incidentally, is also why GEPT itself is a poor fit for children under about ten: its lowest level, Elementary, sits at CEFR A2, too high a bar for a child who has just started. (LTTC, which runs GEPT, also offers GEPT Kids, a separate unlevelled test for primary-school children.) The full comparison is in our Cambridge vs GEPT guide.

3. Does the calendar work?

From decision to exam day, plan on 3 to 6 months of preparation. Note that registration closes earlier than most parents expect (usually 7 to 8 weeks before the exam), and sittings often fill early, Taipei included. yle.tw's and LTTC's 2026 dates, plus yle.tw's 2027 calendar, are on our Cambridge exam dates page. Put the deadline in your calendar first, then plan the preparation backwards from it.

The three most common level mistakes

Matching by age alone. “Approx. 8–11” describes the ages commonly seen at that level. It does not mean a child of that age should take that level. Ability decides the level; age is just a statistic.

Registering for Flyers because a classmate did. Every child started at a different time and gets a different amount of English each week. Someone else’s child is not the measure of yours.

Booking one level up “so the fee isn’t wasted.” There is only one way an exam fee is truly wasted: the wrong level. Too low, and your child collects one extra good-looking certificate. Too high, and what your child may bring home is the conclusion “I’m bad at English”, which costs far more to repair than one registration fee.

What comes after Flyers?

Flyers and KET sit at the same CEFR level, A2. The difference is format: YLE is an encouragement-style exam designed for children, while KET is a formal exam with a graded certificate, where writing genuinely counts. For how scores and certificates work from KET upwards, see Cambridge exam levels, Starters to C2. Once a child has four to five shields across all three Flyers papers, KET is the natural next step. For the junior-high years and the KET/PET decision, see our KET·PET·FCE course page.

Frequently asked questions

Does my child have to start with Starters, or can we register straight for Movers or Flyers?

You can register for any level directly. There is no required order and no need to pass a lower level first. A child who started English later but is already doing well often begins at Movers or even Flyers. Match the level to what your child can do now, not to age or sequence.

How many shields mean my child is ready for the next exam?

Cambridge's results page says that four or five shields in each skill (Listening, Reading & Writing, Speaking) means a child is ready to start preparing for the next Cambridge English Qualification. The 10-or-more total you may see quoted elsewhere is Cambridge's older, pre-2018 guidance. If one skill sits at two or three shields, strengthen that skill first, and the step up will be steadier.

For a child under ten, Cambridge Young Learners or GEPT?

Under ten, we recommend Cambridge Young Learners. GEPT itself starts at Elementary, which sits at CEFR A2, too high a bar for a child who has just started; LTTC, which runs GEPT, also offers GEPT Kids, a separate test for primary-school children at roughly CEFR A1 with no levels. Cambridge YLE begins at Pre-A1 with Starters, has three levels, reports results as shields with no fail, and was also designed for this age group.

What is the difference between Flyers and KET?

Both are CEFR A2, so the level is the same. The difference is the format and the result. Flyers is the top Young Learners level: three papers, about 1 hour 15 minutes, results in shields, no pass or fail. KET (A2 Key) is the first of the main exams: three papers, about 2 hours, results on the Cambridge English Scale. 120 to 139 earns an A2 certificate, 140 to 150 is Grade A with a certificate stating B1, and 100 to 119 earns an A1 certificate. Cambridge says that four or five shields in every paper means a child can start preparing for the next Cambridge English Qualification, and after Flyers that is KET.